Parathyroid Disease & Hyperparathyroidism

What Are the Parathyroid Glands?

The parathyroid glands are four small endocrine glands located behind the thyroid in the neck. Their main role is to regulate calcium levels in the blood by producing parathyroid hormone (PTH).

When calcium levels drop, PTH:

• Increases calcium absorption from the gut

• Reduces calcium excretion through the kidneys

• Mobilises calcium from bones

Parathyroid glands are involved with helping the body to regulate calcium levels in the bloodstream.  If calcium levels fall, parathyroid hormone is released, which increases calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption from the gut, decreasing calcium excretion from the kidneys and mobilising calcium stores in bone.

If one or more parathyroid glands becomes overactive, calcium levels in the blood rise, a condition known as hyperparathyroidism.  This can lead to a number of serious conditions,  such as osteoporosis, bone fractures and painful kidney stones. Other symptoms of hyperparathyroidism include fatigue, weakness, depression and abdominal pain.

A simple blood test for parathyroid hormone levels and calcium levels can help screen for hyperparathyroidism, before symptoms arise.  

Treatment for hyperparathyroidism usually involves surgery to remove the overactive parathyroid gland. Traditionally, this has involved exploratory surgery to identify all four parathyroid glands. More recently, imaging tests have been used to determine which parathyroid gland is abnormal prior to surgery. These tests include ultrasounds, nuclear medicine scans specific for parathyroid disease and CT scans utilising the latest technology (“4D” CT scans). If the abnormal parathyroid gland can be identified prior to surgery, a more focussed approach can be used, involving smaller incisions and less invasive surgery.

Suren has completed extensive specialist training for surgery of the parathyroid glands,  including newer minimally-invasive techniques.  He also regularly performs advanced parathyroid surgery for patients with hyperparathyroidism due to kidney disease. He is happy to arrange any investigations necessary and discuss safe and appropriate surgical options.

What Is Hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperparathyroidism occurs when one or more parathyroid glands become overactive, leading to high blood calcium levels (hypercalcaemia).

Common symptoms include:

• Persistent fatigue and weakness

• Bone pain or osteoporosis

• Kidney stones

• Abdominal pain or constipation

• Mood changes, depression, or brain fog

Left untreated, it can cause serious complications affecting bone health, kidney function, and overall wellbeing.

Diagnosis and Testing

Initial diagnosis is made through:

• Blood tests for calcium and PTH

• Parathyroid imaging to locate the overactive gland, including:

• Ultrasound

• Sestamibi nuclear scan

• 4D CT scan (advanced 3D imaging with a time element)

Parathyroid Surgery (Parathyroidectomy)

Surgery is the most effective treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Thanks to modern imaging, many patients are now suitable for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, which offers:

• A small, hidden incision

• Less pain

• Quicker recovery

• Shorter hospital stay

Why Choose Suren ?

Suren is a fellowship-trained parathyroid and thyroid surgeon based in Melbourne, with advanced training and fifteen years experience in:

• Minimally invasive parathyroid surgery

• Complex and re-operative procedures

• Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease

He offers:

• Comprehensive evaluation

• Advanced imaging coordination

• Personalised surgical care

• Follow-up support and management